详解react setState

2022-04-15 0 1,147
目录
  • setState是同步还是异步
    • 自定义合成事件和react钩子函数中异步更新state
    • 原生事件和setTimeout中同步更新state
  • setState相关源码
    • 总结

      setState是同步还是异步

      自定义合成事件和react钩子函数中异步更新state

      以在自定义click事件中的setState为例

      import React, { Component } from 'react';
      class Test extends Component {
        constructor(props) {
          super(props);
          this.state = {
            count: 1
          };
        }
        handleClick = () => {
          this.setState({
            count: this.state.count + 1
          });
          this.setState({
            count: this.state.count + 1
          });
          this.setState({
            count: this.state.count + 1
          });
          console.log(this.state.count);
        }
        render() {
          return (
            <div style={{ width: '100px', height: '100px', backgroundColor: "yellow" }}>
                {this.state.count}
            </div>
          )
        }
      }
      export default Test;
      

      点击一次,最终this.state.count的打印结果是1,页面展示的是2。通过现象看,三次setState只是最后一次setState生效了,前两次都setState无效果。因为假如把第一次setState改为+3,count打印结果为1,展示结果为2,没有发生变化。而且没有同步获得count的结果。

      此时,我们可以调整代码,通过setState的第二个参数,来获得更新后的state:

      import React, { Component } from 'react';
      class Test extends Component {
        constructor(props) {
          super(props);
          this.state = {
            count: 1
          };
        }
        handleClick = () => {
          this.setState({
            count: this.state.count + 3
          }, () => {
            console.log('1', this.state.count)
          });
          this.setState({
            count: this.state.count + 1
          }, () => {
            console.log('2', this.state.count);
          });
          this.setState({
            count: this.state.count + 1
          }, () => {
            console.log('3', this.state.count);
          });
          console.log(this.state.count);
        }
        render() {
          return (
            <div style={{ width: '100px', height: '100px', backgroundColor: "yellow" }}>
                {this.state.count}
            </div>
          )
        }
      }
      export default Test;
      

      此时,点击一次,三个setState的回调函数中,打印结果分别是。

      1
      1: 2
      2: 2
      3: 2

      首先,最后一行直接打印1。然后,在setState的回调中,打印出的结果都是最新更新的2。虽然前两次setState未生效,但是它们第二个参数中还是会打印出2。

      此时将setState的第一个参数换成函数,通过函数的第一个参数可以获得更新前的state。

      import React, { Component } from 'react';
      class Test extends Component {
        constructor(props) {
          super(props);
          this.state = {
            count: 1
          };
        }
        handleClick = () => {
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          });
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          });
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          });
          console.log(this.state.count);
        }
        render() {
          return (
            <div style={{ width: '100px', height: '100px', backgroundColor: "yellow" }}>
                {this.state.count}
            </div>
          )
        }
      }
      export default Test;
      

      此时,打印出的结果为1,但是页面展示出来的count为4。可以发现,如果setState以传参的方式去更新state,几次setState并不会只更新最后一次,而是几次更新state都会生效。

      接下来看下第二个函数中打印的count是多少:

      import React, { Component } from 'react';
      class Test extends Component {
        constructor(props) {
          super(props);
          this.state = {
            count: 1
          };
        }
        handleClick = () => {
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('1', this.state.count);
          });
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('2', this.state.count);
          });
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('3', this.state.count);
          });
          console.log(this.state.count);
        }
        render() {
          return (
            <div style={{ width: '100px', height: '100px', backgroundColor: "yellow" }}>
                {this.state.count}
            </div>
          )
        }
      }
      export default Test;
      

      此时,点击一次,三个setState的回调函数中,打印结果如下,可想而知,页面的展示结果也为4

      1
      1: 4
      2: 4
      3: 4

      将上边代码放入如componentDidMount中,输出结果跟上边一致。

      因为,可以得知,在自定义合成事件和钩子函数中,state的更新是异步的。

      原生事件和setTimeout中同步更新state

      以在setTimeout中setState为例

      import React, { Component } from 'react';
      class Test extends Component {
        constructor(props) {
          super(props);
          this.state = {
            count: 1
          };
        }
        componentDidMount() {
          setTimeout(() => {
            this.setState({
              count: this.state.count + 1
            }, () => {
              console.log('1:', this.state.count);
            });
            this.setState({
              count: this.state.count + 1
            }, () => {
              console.log('2:', this.state.count);
            });
            this.setState({
              count: this.state.count + 1
            }, () => {
              console.log('3:', this.state.count);
            });
            console.log(this.state.count);
          }, 0);
        }
        render() {
          return (
            <div 
              style={{ 
                width: '100px', 
                height: '100px', 
                backgroundColor: "yellow" 
              }}>
                {this.state.count}
            </div>
          )
        }
      }
      export default Test;
      

      此时,打印出的结果如下:

      1: 2
      2: 3
      3: 4
      4

      将setState第一个参数换为函数:

      componentDidMount() {
        setTimeout(() => {
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('1', this.state.count);
          });
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('2', this.state.count);
          });
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('3', this.state.count);
          });
          console.log(this.state.count);
        }, 0);
      }
      

      打印出的结果和上边一致。

      是不是有一种state完全可控的感觉,在setTimeout中,多次setState都会生效,而且在每一个setState的第二个参数中都可以得到更新后的state。

      同样地,在原生事件中输出地结果和setTimeout中一致,也是同步的。

      import React, { Component } from 'react';
      class Test extends Component {
        constructor(props) {
          super(props);
          this.state = {
            count: 1
          };
        }
        componentDidMount() {
          document.body.addEventListener('click', this.handleClick, false);
        }
        componentWillUnmount() {
          document.body.removeEventListener('click', this.handleClick, false);
        }
        handleClick = () => {
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('1', this.state.count);
          });
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('2', this.state.count);
          });
          this.setState((prevState, props) => {
            return { count: prevState.count + 1 }
          }, () => {
            console.log('3', this.state.count);
          });
          console.log(this.state.count);
        }
        render() {
          return (
            <div
              style={{ 
                width: '100px', 
                height: '100px', 
                backgroundColor: "yellow" 
              }}
            >
              {this.state.count}
            </div>
          )
        }
      }
      export default Test;
      

      setState相关源码

      如下代码均来自react17.0.2版本

      目录 ./packages/react/src/ReactBaseClasses.js

      function Component(props, context, updater) {
        this.props = props;
        this.context = context;
        // If a component has string refs, we will assign a different object later.
        this.refs = emptyObject;
        // We initialize the default updater but the real one gets injected by the
        // renderer.
        this.updater = updater || ReactNoopUpdateQueue;
      }
      
      Component.prototype.isReactComponent = {};
      
      Component.prototype.setState = function(partialState, callback) {
        invariant(
          typeof partialState === 'object' ||
            typeof partialState === 'function' ||
            partialState == null,
          'setState(...): takes an object of state variables to update or a ' +
            'function which returns an object of state variables.',
        );
        this.updater.enqueueSetState(this, partialState, callback, 'setState');
      };
      

      setState可以接收两个参数,第一个参数可以是object,function,和null,undefined,就不会抛出错误。执行下边的this.updater.enqueueSetState方法。全局查找enqueueSetState,找到两组目录下有这个变量。

      首先是第一组目录:

      目录 ./packages/react/src/ReactNoopUpdateQueue.js 第100行enqueueSetState方法,参数分别为this,初始化state,回调,和字符串setState,this是指当前React实例。

      enqueueSetState: function(
        publicInstance,
        partialState,
        callback,
        callerName,
      ) {
        warnNoop(publicInstance, 'setState');
      }
      

      接着看warnNoop方法:

      const didWarnStateUpdateForUnmountedComponent = {};
      
      function warnNoop(publicInstance, callerName) {
        if (__DEV__) {
          const constructor = publicInstance.constructor;
          const componentName =
            (constructor && (constructor.displayName || constructor.name)) ||
            'ReactClass';
          const warningKey = `${componentName}.${callerName}`;
          if (didWarnStateUpdateForUnmountedComponent[warningKey]) {
            return;
          }
          console.error(
            "Can't call %s on a component that is not yet mounted. " +
              'This is a no-op, but it might indicate a bug in your application. ' +
              'Instead, assign to `this.state` directly or define a `state = {};` ' +
              'class property with the desired state in the %s component.',
            callerName,
            componentName,
          );
          didWarnStateUpdateForUnmountedComponent[warningKey] = true;
        }
      }
      

      这段代码相当于给didWarnStateUpdateForUnmountedComponent对象中加入属性,属性的key为React 当前要setState的组件.setState,如果当前有这个属性则返回;如果当前没这个属性或者这个属性值为false,则设置这个属性的值为true。

      再去看另外一个目录:

      目录 ./react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberClassComponent.new.js和ReactFiberClassComponent.old.js

      const classComponentUpdater = {
        enqueueSetState(inst, payload, callback) {
          const fiber = getInstance(inst);
          const eventTime = requestEventTime();
          const lane = requestUpdateLane(fiber);
      
          const update = createUpdate(eventTime, lane);
          update.payload = payload;
          if (callback !== undefined && callback !== null) {
            if (__DEV__) {
              warnOnInvalidCallback(callback, 'setState');
            }
            update.callback = callback;
          }
      
          enqueueUpdate(fiber, update, lane);
          const root = scheduleUpdateOnFiber(fiber, lane, eventTime);
          if (root !== null) {
            entangleTransitions(root, fiber, lane);
          }
      
          if (__DEV__) {
            if (enableDebugTracing) {
              if (fiber.mode & DebugTracingMode) {
                const name = getComponentNameFromFiber(fiber) || 'Unknown';
                logStateUpdateScheduled(name, lane, payload);
              }
            }
          }
      
          if (enableSchedulingProfiler) {
            markStateUpdateScheduled(fiber, lane);
          }
        }
      }
      

      其中主要看 enqueueUpdate 这个函数

      目录 ./react-reconciler/src/ReactUpdateQueue.new.js和ReactUpdateQueue.old.js

      export function enqueueUpdate<State>(
        fiber: Fiber,
        update: Update<State>,
        lane: Lane,
      ) {
        const updateQueue = fiber.updateQueue;
        if (updateQueue === null) {
          // Only occurs if the fiber has been unmounted.
          return;
        }
      
        const sharedQueue: SharedQueue<State> = (updateQueue: any).shared;
      
        if (isInterleavedUpdate(fiber, lane)) {
          const interleaved = sharedQueue.interleaved;
          if (interleaved === null) {
            // This is the first update. Create a circular list.
            update.next = update;
            // At the end of the current render, this queue's interleaved updates will
            // be transfered to the pending queue.
            pushInterleavedQueue(sharedQueue);
          } else {
            update.next = interleaved.next;
            interleaved.next = update;
          }
          sharedQueue.interleaved = update;
        } else {
          const pending = sharedQueue.pending;
          if (pending === null) {
            // This is the first update. Create a circular list.
            update.next = update;
          } else {
            update.next = pending.next;
            pending.next = update;
          }
          sharedQueue.pending = update;
        }
      
        if (__DEV__) {
          if (
            currentlyProcessingQueue === sharedQueue &&
            !didWarnUpdateInsideUpdate
          ) {
            console.error(
              'An update (setState, replaceState, or forceUpdate) was scheduled ' +
                'from inside an update function. Update functions should be pure, ' +
                'with zero side-effects. Consider using componentDidUpdate or a ' +
                'callback.',
            );
            didWarnUpdateInsideUpdate = true;
          }
        }
      }
      

      看到这里,发现这个方法是将此次更新的update加入到更新队列中,而在这个版本中并没有发现isBatchingUpdates这个属性的出现。貌似React Fiber改动还挺大,暂时先写到这里,如果有新的发现会补充到这里。

      总结

      • 自定义合成事件和react钩子函数中异步更新state
      • 原生事件和setTimeout中同步更新state

      以上就是详解react setState的详细内容,更多关于react setState的资料请关注NICE源码其它相关文章!

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